Defining a custom string format

You can define a custom string format using special symbols to construct a format pattern. Table 2‑6 describes these symbols.

Table 2‑6 Symbols for defining custom string formats
Symbol	Description
@	Character placeholder. Each @ character displays a character in the string. If the string has fewer characters than the number of @ symbols that appear in the format pattern, spaces appear. Placeholders are filled from right to left, unless you specify an exclamation point (!) at the beginning of the format pattern.
&	Same as @, except if the string has fewer characters, spaces do not appear.
!	Specifies that placeholders are to be filled from left to right.
>	Converts string characters to uppercase.
<	Converts string characters to lowercase.